Top Hammer vs Down the Hole essentially involves a drilling hammer at the bottom of a drill string. It relies on three elements for drilling holes: bit loading (weight), rotation and air. These active elements combine to be efficient at crushing rock. As the drill string slowly rotates, the drilling hammer is forced into the rock repeatedly. Striking power is provided by compressed air driving a piston inside the hammer.
Where is it used?
DTH drilling is often used in the mining industry (blast hole drilling), on construction sites, drilling water wells, and in the oil and gas industry.
Top Hammer vs Down the Hole Advantages
Top Hammer vs Down the Hole offers several advantages over top-hammer drilling for larger, deeper holes in medium-hard formations. Because the hammer is at the bottom of the hole, power loss is minimal as the hole deepens. That means energy is not lost in the drill string and penetration rates do not markedly decline with depth—provided that back pressure does not rise significantly in the borehole. DTH drilling is most suitable for hole diameters of 4–10 inches, with some exceptions.
Compressed Air Power
The DTH hammer is pneumatically powered, with the compressed air propelling it forward to impact and fracture rock. Compressed air also travels through the drill bit into the hole (air exhaust), which blows the chips and dust out of the hole.
Quieter Drilling
From environmental and social perspectives, DTH is a good option because it produces much less noise and vibration than many other drilling methods.
Before drilling operations commence the driller should examine the extraction face from the bottom to look for geological problems, loose or shattered rock or dangerous overhangs, and areas of potentially reduced burden.
At the top of the quarry face the driller should check for ground stability issues, excessive cracking of the rock, shear planes or other potential rock failures.
If issues are identified then the Driller must raise these with the appropriate responsible person such as the Operator, Manager, Explosives Supervisor and Shotfirer and if necessary the blasting specification should be amended.
The Driller should thoroughly check their equipment prior to tracking into position, these checks should include the condition of the drill string and the drill bit/hammer, the operation of the dust extraction equipment, guarding of moving parts and the condition of hydraulic hoses.
The Driller should not commence any drilling operations unless adequate edge protection is in place at the quarry face. If the Driller is required to erect the edge protection then they must carry out such operations using suitably anchored fall arrest equipment.
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